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Finally, it is possible that there are other important predictors of anxiety and depression that were not available in our data set. In conclusion, we have shown that anxiety and depression are present in a significant minority of individuals with ILD attending a tertiary referral centre. Anxiety and depression are not related to either physiological impairment or underlying diagnosis; however, dyspnoea and number of comorbidities are important contributors. Future research should evaluate whether treatment strategies that target these areas can ameliorate the burden of depression and anxiety in sufferers of ILD. ""2432" "Background FDA-approved Drug Library purchase and objective:? Malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized patients and causes systemic damage including effects on the respiratory and immune systems, as well as predisposing to infection and increasing postoperative complications and mortality. This study aimed to assess the impact of malnutrition on the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications, respiratory muscle strength and chest wall expansion in patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. Methods:? Seventy-five consecutive candidates for upper abdominal surgery (39 in the malnourished group (MNG) and 36 in the control group (CG)) were enrolled in this prospective controlled cohort study. All patients were evaluated for nutritional status, respiratory muscle strength, chest wall expansion and lung function before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, tracheobronchitis, atelectasis and acute respiratory failure) before discharge from hospital http://www.selleckchem.com/products/SNS-032.html were also evaluated. Results:? The MNG showed expiratory muscle weakness (MNG 65?��?24 vs CG 82?��?22?cm H2O; P??0.05). The MNG also had a higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications compared with the CG (31% and 11%, respectively; P?=?0.05). In addition, expiratory muscle weakness was correlated with BMI in the MNG (r?=?0.43; P?Enol of postoperative pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery (P?=?0.02). Conclusions:? These results show that malnutrition is associated with weakness of the expiratory muscles, decreased chest wall expansion and increased incidence of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. ""2433" "Boyd et?al. [1] have made a good attempt to clarify the misconception among various stakeholders regarding possible increase in crime rates in areas surrounding methadone treatment centres (MTCs). The authors should be congratulated for their ingenious approach.