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These analytes were evaluated singly and in combination in a set of control and GDM maternal serum samples from the cohort described in Table 1. The mean participant age and pre-pregnancy BMI were 24.4 �� 3.5 years and 20.3 �� 3.3 kg/m2, respectively. Glycated hemoglobin measures did not differ between non-diabetic (5.2%; IQR: 5.0-5.4%) and GDM participants (5.4%; IQR: 5.1-5.8%). Fasting plasma glucose measures were also similar between groups 80 mg/dl (IQR: 77-85 mg/dl) and 84 mg/dl (IQR: 79-90 mg/dl); P = 0.20]. In addition, no statistically significant difference was observed between study groups for any other clinical parameter that was measured. Although Fossariinae fasting plasma glucose and glycated HbA1c measures were not different between groups, the levels of PSG-AAL, fibronectin-SNA click here and the hCG/placental lactogen ratio were significantly elevated in the GDM group (P = 0.004, P = 0.006 and P = 0.03, respectively), as shown in Table 2. The difference in maternal serum CRP levels demonstrated borderline significance (P = 0.05), with a median concentration of 2.1 mg/l in non-diabetics and 5.7 mg/l in GDM participants. Placental lactogen and hCG exhibited altered levels in GDM maternal serum in previous studies.[26,27] These data suggest that combining these proteins in a ratio may improve discrimination ability. ROC curves utilizing fibronectin-SNA and PSG-AAL and the combination of these two analytes are shown in Figure 2. While the ability to detect GDM using both analytes is good (AUROC: 0.85), their use in conjunction with the selleck other analytes described Table 2 within a multi-analyte model [Figure 3] demonstrated clearly superior performance (AUROC: 0.97). Specifically, the combination of fibronectin-SNA and PSG-AAL alone had a detection rate of 74% at a false positive rate of 6%, while the multi-analyte model had a marked increase in the detection rate (87%) at a false positive rate